1. The Heliocentric Model
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, replacing the long-held geocentric model.
2. Discovery of Gravity
Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation explained the forces governing planetary motion and objects on Earth.
3. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Detected in 1965, this faint glow provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory and the universe’s origin.
4. Existence of Black Holes
Predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity, black holes were confirmed by observations showing their extreme gravity and effects.
5. Discovery of Planets Outside Our Solar System
Thousands of exoplanets have been found orbiting other stars, expanding our understanding of potential habitable worlds.
6. Expansion of the Universe
Edwin Hubble’s observations revealed that galaxies are moving away from us, showing that the universe is expanding.
7. Dark Matter
Scientists discovered that most of the universe’s mass is invisible dark matter, influencing galaxies through gravity.
8. Dark Energy
The mysterious force causing the accelerated expansion of the universe, challenging previous cosmological models.
9. Water on Mars
Evidence of past and present water on Mars has raised hopes for the possibility of life beyond Earth.
10. The Multiverse Hypothesis
While still theoretical, the idea of multiple universes suggests our cosmos might be just one of many.
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